Although in both processes the animals generate the sexual cells or gametes, the oogenesis and spermatogenesis differ by the type of the gametes formed, the number of gametes formed, the difference in the structure of a reproductive organ, and their time of occurrence in males and females.
If you want to know more, read on!
The oogenesis is the set of processes that lead to the formation of female gametes, ova. The oogenesis begins during the embryonic development of the woman or female from a germ cell. Oogenesis begins in the ovary and ends in the fallopian tubes if there is fertilization. First, the germ cells of the ovary undergo cell division by mitosis, leading to oogonia.
Then, these oogonia suffer a division by meiosis, which remains stopped (arrest) in prophase I until puberty. This cell is called the primary oocyte and remains deployed. The primary oocyte for its part undergoes second meiosis, which stops in prophase II until fertilization occurs. This cell is a secondary oocyte (haploid cell) is released in ovulation and they look very similar to that of a mature ovum.
Minutes after fertilization, the second meiosis is completed and we are already facing a mature ovum capable of joining its DNA with that of the sperm to generate the zygote.
The spermatogenesis is the set of processes that lead to the formation of male gametes, the spermatozoa. Spermatogenesis begins at the puberty of men from a germ cell and takes place in the epididymis, a duct found in the testicles.
First, the germ cells of the epididymis undergo cell division by mitosis, resulting in spermatogonia. Next, the spermatogonia undergo a division by meiosis and some slight modifications and two primary spermatocytes are generated. Each of these first spermatocytes undergoes second meiosis, which results in the formation of two spermatids (haploid cells that look very similar to that of a sperm cell).
Finally, the spermatids undergo a series of modifications, which serve to allow the sperm to move and fertilize the ovule in a more effective way.
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