What is Difference Between Anabolism and catabolism?

The difference Between Anabolism and catabolism is that Anabolism and catabolism are the parts in which the metabolism is divided. The anabolism is a synthesis reaction where energy is consumed. The catabolism is a degradative reaction where energy is released. Although they are two different processes, they work in a coordinated manner.

While anabolism builds large molecules from smaller ones, catabolism is a reduction reaction where a complex molecule is converted into a simpler one.

Anabolism	Catabolism
What is it	The phase where the molecules that the body needs are built.	The process that breaks down the large molecules of the body into smaller ones.
Phase type	Constructive	Destructive.
Energy	It consumes the body.	It releases it for the organism.
Reaction	Endergónica, of reduction and of synthesis or construction.	Exergonic, degrading or destructive and oxidative.
Molecules	Complex molecules are produced from simple molecules.	Simple molecules are produced from complex molecules.
Hormones	Estrogen Insulin. Growth hormone. Testosterone	Adrenalin. Cortisol Cytokines Glucagon
Examples	When amino acids are converted into proteins, glucose into glycogen and fatty acids into triglycerides.	When proteins are converted to amino acids, proteins into glucose, glycogen into glucose and triglycerides into fatty acids.

What is anabolism?

The word anabolism comes from the Greek ana, which means ‘up’, and bulletin, which we can translate as ‘throwing’.

Anabolism is one of the two parts into which the metabolism is divided, which is also known as biosynthesis.

Anabolism is a constructive chemical reaction where complex molecules are synthesized from simpler ones that can be organic or inorganic. Thus the molecules can grow and renew, or be stored as energy reserves.

This metabolic process of construction, where energy is consumed to obtain large molecules from smaller ones, is possible thanks to the energy contribution of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

In these reactions, the more oxidized compounds are reduced. Through anabolism, living things can form proteins from amino acids and thus maintain body tissues.

Anabolism Functions

• Increase muscle mass.
• Form the components and cellular tissues of growth.
• Store energy

Anabolism Stages

1. In the first stage, precursors are produced, such as amino acids, monosaccharides, and others.
2. Then, the precursors are activated, using energy from adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
3. In the third stage, more complex molecules are produced, such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids.

What is catabolism?

Catabolism is a word that comes from the Greek Kato, which means ‘down’, and ballein, which means ‘throw’.

Catabolism is the part of the metabolic process through which different organic nutrients are degraded, reduced or oxidized to their simplest forms so that the body assimilates them and transforms them into energy. This energy is essential for the functioning of anabolism.

The energy that is released is stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules, and thus the cell can perform vital actions such as muscle contraction and molecule synthesis.

It is a destructive phase of reduction where, from a complex organic molecule, such as carbohydrates and lipids, simpler ones such as H ₂ O, CO ₂, lactic acid or ammonia are obtained.

A catabolic process is digestion, in it, large molecular complexes are broken down and transformed into simpler forms so that they can be used as raw material and energy in anabolic processes. Therefore, digestion is essential for anabolism to function properly.

Many times bacteria are able to metabolize iron and sulfur.

Functions of catabolism

• Degrade organic nutrients.
• Extract the chemical energy from degraded nutrients to be used by the body.
• Nourish the body using tissues when there is a lack of food.

Stages of catabolism

1. Large organic molecules, such as proteins, polysaccharides or lipids, are degraded to amino acids, monosaccharides, and fatty acids.
2. Small molecules are taken to cells and transformed into even simpler molecules, releasing energy during the process.
3. Finally, the coenzymes in the electron transport chain are oxidized.

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